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Digital sensors are critical components that form the foundation of Industry 4.0 and automation systems. They collect data from the physical world and convert physical variables (such as position, level, and distance) into digital signals. This enables control systems to make informed decisions. Let's explore the most commonly used types of digital sensors and their operating principles in the industrial field. 1. Inductive Sensors Inductive sensors are non-contact sensors us

This comprehensive guide explains the solution to a common PLC programming interview question: implementing a Single-Button (Toggle) Start/Stop System  using only one momentary input button. The logic is based on the four-stage memory bit chain method shown in your Siemens TIA Portal Ladder Logic screenshots. ⚙️ System Operation Principle This solution uses one physical momentary input ( I0.0 "start" ) to sequentially switch the state of an output (e.g., a motor or lamp) betw